Knowing the exact version of the Linux operating system is an essential task for software installation, troubleshooting, update planning, and server management. Whether you use Ubuntu, Debian, Fedora, CentOS, AlmaLinux, RockyLinux, or another distribution, having this information can make a significant difference in terms of compatibility and security.
In this article, we will explore six different methods to check the Linux version from the terminal.
Methods to Check the Operating System Version in Linux
There are multiple ways to obtain the system version in Linux. Below are six effective methods:
1. Using the lsb_release Command
The lsb_release -a command is one of the most straightforward and standard ways to get detailed information about the installed Linux distribution.
lsb_release -a
Example output on Ubuntu:
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 24.04 LTS
Release: 24.04
Codename: jammy
This command is compatible with Debian and Red Hat-based distributions. If it is not available, you can install it with:
sudo apt install lsb-release # For Debian, Ubuntu
sudo yum install redhat-lsb # For Red Hat, CentOS
2. Checking the /etc/os-release File
The /etc/os-release file contains detailed system information and is widely supported in modern distributions that use systemd.
cat /etc/os-release
Example output on Debian:
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bullseye)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="11"
VERSION="11 (bullseye)"
ID=debian
This method is reliable and widely used in most current Linux distributions.
3. Using the uname Command
The uname command is useful for obtaining information about the Linux kernel.
uname -a
Expected output:
Linux server01 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP x86_64 GNU/Linux
To get only the kernel version:
uname -r
This method is ideal for diagnosing kernel-related system issues.
4. Using hostnamectl
If the system is using systemd, the hostnamectl command provides a more structured view of system information.
hostnamectl
Example output on Fedora:
Static hostname: fedora-pc
Icon name: computer-laptop
Chassis: laptop
Machine ID: 123456abcdef
Boot ID: 7890ghijkl
Operating System: Fedora 38 (Workstation Edition)
Kernel: Linux 6.1.9-300.fc38.x86_64
Architecture: x86_64
This method is useful for learning details about the operating system and hardware in modern distributions.
5. Checking the /etc/issue File
Another quick method is to view the content of the /etc/issue file, which displays a brief message with system information.
cat /etc/issue
Example output on Ubuntu:
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS \n \l
Although this method is simple, it may not be available in all distributions.
6. Using cat /proc/version
If you want to know details about the kernel version and the compiler used, you can check the /proc/version file.
cat /proc/version
Example output:
Linux version 5.15.0-25-generic (buildd@lcy02-amd64-015) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1) 9.4.0) #25-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 13 15:28:16 UTC 2022
This method is useful for developers and system administrators who require detailed information about the kernel build.
Importance of Knowing the Operating System Version
Identifying the Linux version is essential in various scenarios:
- Software installation: Some applications require specific system versions.
- System updates: Prevents compatibility problems when updating packages or the kernel.
- Security: Helps ensure that the system has the latest updates and security patches.
- Troubleshooting: Facilitates the search for solutions in technical documentation and forums.
- Server administration: It’s critical in production environments where stability and compatibility are vital.
Efficient Management of the Linux System
While these commands are essential for obtaining system information, efficiently managing a Linux server can be complex, especially for users without command-line experience. To make this task easier, there are server management tools that allow for graphical and intuitive system management.
Server management platforms offer benefits such as:
- Automation of updates and security.
- Real-time monitoring of server performance.
- Graphical interface to manage applications and services without the need for commands.
These solutions are ideal for both experienced system administrators and users looking for a simpler way to manage their Linux infrastructure.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How can I see the kernel version on Linux?
Run uname -r in the terminal to get the Linux kernel version.
What is the most comprehensive command to check the system version?
The cat /etc/os-release command provides detailed and structured information about the operating system version.
Is there a graphical way to see the Linux version?
Yes, most desktop environments like GNOME and KDE include graphical tools in the system settings menu where the operating system version is displayed.
How to check the operating system version on a remote server?
You can connect to the server via SSH and run lsb_release -a or cat /etc/os-release to obtain system information.
Why is it important to know the exact version of Linux?
Each version includes security updates, new features, and improvements in hardware and software compatibility, so knowing the installed version helps optimize system management.
With these methods, you can quickly and accurately check the Linux version, ensuring that your system is up to date and functioning properly for any task or environment.