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Fujitsu Limited and the QuTech research institute, affiliated with Delft University of Technology (Netherlands), have announced a historic breakthrough in quantum computing. For the first time, the two entities have successfully demonstrated a complete set of universal quantum gates for spin qubits in diamond with an error probability of less than 0.1%. This achievement surpasses the threshold necessary for quantum error correction, marking a key step toward the creation of fault-tolerant quantum computers with practical applications.
The advancement, published in the journal Physical Review Applied on March 21, 2025, was achieved using high-purity diamonds with a reduced concentration of the carbon-13 isotope. This reduction minimizes environmental interference, allowing researchers to create a stable two-qubit system composed of an electronic spin and a nitrogen nuclear spin within a nitrogen vacancy center, a type of atomic defect that can be employed in quantum computing.
Thanks to advanced performance measurement techniques and environmental noise mitigation, the team achieved a fidelity exceeding 99.9% for both single gate operations and two-qubit gates within the universal set. This level of precision is crucial for quantum operations to autonomously and reliably correct errors, bringing the possibility of fully functional quantum computers closer to reality.
Toward the Scalability of Quantum Computing
Fujitsu and QuTech are not stopping at this milestone. The next step will be to scale the system by increasing the number of manageable qubits and developing advanced optical technologies for interconnecting electronic qubits located in different locations. Additionally, both entities are working on the creation of optical quantum chips and control circuits that operate at ultralow temperatures, utilizing cryo-CMOS technology (integrated semiconductors designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures).
This advancement positions Fujitsu and QuTech at the forefront of quantum research, especially in the use of spin qubits in diamond, a technology considered promising due to its stability and resistance to noise. The collaboration also reinforces the commitment to developing scalable infrastructure that will expand quantum processing capacity in the near future.
Toward Practical Quantum Computing
Quantum computing has so far been a field dominated by experimental technologies limited in precision and scalability. Achieving quantum gates with errors below 0.1% represents a turning point, as it enables the implementation of complex quantum algorithms without cumulative errors undermining the results.
Fujitsu and QuTech will continue to cooperate closely to accelerate the integration of these technologies, aiming for practical, robust, and fault-tolerant quantum computing. This line of research could pave the way for significant advancements in areas such as cryptography, material simulation, and large-scale industrial process optimization.
With this achievement, diamond-based quantum computing takes a firm step toward real-world application, demonstrating that the future of quantum technology lies in joint innovation and the relentless pursuit of precision and stability.