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<div><p>The Linux ecosystem is known for its wide range of tools and commands for managing and monitoring networks. Whether it's diagnosing problems, measuring performance, or configuring network interfaces, Linux offers powerful and versatile solutions. Below is a list of essential commands and utilities for working with networks in Linux, which includes both classic and modern tools.</p><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Network Configuration and Monitoring Tools</strong></h3><ol class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>ifconfig</strong><br/>A classic tool for managing network interfaces, displaying information, and configuring basic parameters. While it is being replaced by <code>ip</code>, it is still used in many systems.</li><li><strong>ip</strong><br/>Part of the <em>iproute2</em> package, this command offers more functionalities than <code>ifconfig</code>, such as managing routes, tunnels, and IP addresses.</li><li><strong>nmcli and nmtui</strong><br/>Tools for managing connections through <em>NetworkManager</em>. <code>nmcli</code> is a command-line interface, while <code>nmtui</code> provides a text-based environment.</li><li><strong>netplan</strong><br/>A modern utility for configuring networks on Ubuntu-based systems. It simplifies the configuration of interfaces using YAML files.</li><li><strong>ethtool</strong><br/>Allows managing network drivers and hardware, such as adjusting link speeds or enabling advanced options.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Network Diagnostics and Analysis</strong></h3><ol start="6" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>ping</strong><br/>A basic command to test connectivity to a host by sending ICMP packets.</li><li><strong>traceroute and tracepath</strong><br/>Trace the path packets take to a destination, useful for diagnosing network issues.</li><li><strong>tcpdump</strong><br/>A command-line packet analyzer. Ideal for inspecting traffic on a network.</li><li><strong>Wireshark</strong><br/>A graphical tool for analyzing network protocols. Its power makes it a standard for advanced analysis.</li><li><strong>mtr</strong><br/>Combines the functions of <code>ping</code> and <code>traceroute</code>, providing continuous monitoring.</li><li><strong>ss</strong><br/>A modern replacement for <code>netstat</code>. It provides socket connection statistics more efficiently.</li><li><strong>ngrep</strong><br/>Similar to <code>grep</code>, but focused on network traffic, allowing search for patterns in packets.</li><li><strong>smokeping</strong><br/>Keeps track of network latency over time, ideal for detecting intermittent outages.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Traffic and Performance Monitoring</strong></h3><ol start="14" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>bmon</strong><br/>A bandwidth monitor that displays real-time information.</li><li><strong>nload</strong><br/>Graphically visualizes network usage.</li><li><strong>vnStat</strong><br/>A lightweight tool for monitoring network traffic over time, using historical data.</li><li><strong>iftop</strong><br/>Displays bandwidth usage on network interfaces, sorted by connection.</li><li><strong>nethogs</strong><br/>Similar to <code>top</code>, but focused on bandwidth usage by processes.</li><li><strong>iperf3</strong><br/>A tool for accurately measuring network bandwidth.</li><li><strong>darkstat</strong><br/>Captures network traffic and generates detailed statistics, including web-based reports.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Data Transfer and Testing Tools</strong></h3><ol start="21" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>curl</strong><br/>Transfers data to or from a server using protocols such as HTTP, FTP, and more.</li><li><strong>wget</strong><br/>Similar to <code>curl</code>, but specifically designed for downloading files.</li><li><strong>aria2</strong><br/>A versatile downloader that supports HTTP, FTP, and torrents.</li><li><strong>speedtest-cli</strong><br/>Tests internet speed using the <span class="glossary-tooltip glossary-term-25335 glossary-cat-1526" tabindex="0"><span class="glossary-link"><a href="https://revistacloud.com/glosario/api/" class="glossary-only-link">API</a></span><span class="hidden glossary-tooltip-content clearfix"><span class="glossary-tooltip-text">An API, short for "Application Programming Interface,"...</span></span></span> from <em>speedtest.net</em>.</li><li><strong>netcat (ncat)</strong><br/>A flexible utility for reading, writing, and debugging network connections.</li><li><strong>socat</strong><br/>Similar to <code>netcat</code>, but with extended capabilities for redirecting data streams.</li><li><strong>telnet</strong><br/>A TELNET protocol client for testing services on specific ports.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Security and Auditing</strong></h3><ol start="28" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>iptables</strong><br/>A classic tool for managing firewall rules and controlling traffic.</li><li><strong>IPTraf</strong><br/>A network monitor that displays detailed IP statistics in real time.</li><li><strong>snort</strong><br/>An intrusion detection and prevention system (IDS/IPS).</li><li><strong>fail2ban</strong><br/>Blocks suspicious IPs based on patterns of failed access attempts.</li><li><strong>hping</strong><br/>Packet assembler and analyzer for <span class="glossary-tooltip glossary-term-21540 glossary-cat-1543" tabindex="0"><span class="glossary-link"><a href="https://revistacloud.com/glosario/tcp-transmission-control-protocol/" class="glossary-only-link">TCP</a></span><span class="hidden glossary-tooltip-content clearfix"><span class="glossary-tooltip-text">TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is a transmission protocol...</span></span></span>/IP, useful for penetration testing.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong><span class="glossary-tooltip glossary-term-21555 glossary-cat-1521 glossary-cat-1543 glossary-cat-1625 glossary-cat-1526" tabindex="0"><span class="glossary-link"><a href="https://revistacloud.com/glosario/dns/" class="glossary-only-link">DNS</a></span><span class="hidden glossary-tooltip-content clearfix"><span class="glossary-tooltip-text">DNS (Domain Name System) is a domain name system...</span></span></span> and Name Resolution</strong></h3><ol start="33" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>dig</strong><br/>Queries DNS servers for records like A, MX, or CNAME.</li><li><strong><a href="https://revistacloud.com/todos-los-tipos-de-registros-dns-una-guia-tecnica/" data-type="post" data-id="26712">nslookup</a></strong><br/>Similar to <code>dig</code>, allows interactive DNS queries.</li><li><strong>host</strong><br/>A simple utility for resolving domain names.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Additional Utilities</strong></h3><ol start="36" class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>dstat</strong><br/>An advanced replacement for tools like <code>vmstat</code> or <code>iostat</code>, displaying real-time statistics.</li><li><strong>arpwatch</strong><br/>Monitors activity on Ethernet networks and detects changes in ARP tables.</li><li><strong>route</strong><br/>Displays and manipulates the IP routing table.</li><li><strong>iw</strong><br/>A tool for configuring modern wireless devices.</li><li><strong>lsof -i</strong><br/>Displays information about open network sockets.</li><li><strong>netwatch</strong><br/>Monitors active network connections.</li></ol><hr class="wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity"/><h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><p>The versatility and richness of the Linux ecosystem make it an essential tool for system administrators and technology enthusiasts. With this list of commands and utilities, it's possible to diagnose, optimize, and secure networks with great efficiency. These tools are not only useful for daily management but also for troubleshooting complex issues and implementing advanced configurations.</p></div>